Oral cancer
What factors can cause oral cancer?
International literature and research initially identified heavy drinking and smoking as the most significant factors in the development and progression of oral cancer in people over the age of 40.
Although smoking and heavy drinking continue to be major risk factors, the percentage of younger, healthy, non-smoking patients is constantly increasing. Recent research has shown that the sexually transmitted human papilloma virus type 16 is responsible for this increase among young people. Nicotine gum has also been implicated in oral cancer, even though companies promote it as an alternative to smoking.
Other factors that contribute to the development of oral cancer are physical trauma to the oral cavity, infections, poor oral hygiene, and poor nutrition. However, research on their culpability is still uncertain.
What is the role of the maxillofacial surgeon?
Dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons have the necessary knowledge and experience to assess the condition of your mouth during a routine visit to the clinic. If you are in a high-risk group, you should have an examination every year. If the oral and maxillofacial surgeon thinks that a lesion is suspicious, he will perform a biopsy. A biopsy not only helps to diagnose the problem but also allows the doctor to develop an appropriate treatment plan.
The National Cancer Institute of America also suggests that when oral cancer is detected early, the chances of survival improve significantly and the consequences in general health are reduced. After all, the mortality rates associated with oral cancer are high, not because it is difficult to detect or diagnose, but because it is often discovered late, after it has already developed.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons recommend that you examine yourself once a month. You can do this using a strong flashlight and a mirror.
• Remove any dentures (if you have them).
• Look carefully and feel the inside of your lips and gums.
• Tilt your head back and examine your palate.
• Pull your cheek and look at the inside and back of the gums.
• Stick out your tongue and look at all sides of it.
• Feel the sides of your neck and the area under your jaw for any lumps or swollen lymph nodes.
Remember that early detection and treatment offer a better chance of recovery.
What should you look for during a self-examination?
If you notice any of the following in your mouth, see your oral and maxillofacial surgeon immediately.
• White patches – leukoplakia.
• Red patches – erythroplakia.
• Red and white patches – erythro-leukoplakia.
• A sore/wound that won’t heal or bleeds easily.
• Any abnormal lump or thickening of the tissues in your mouth.
• Chronic sore throat or hoarseness.
• Difficulty swallowing or chewing.
• Any lump in your neck
Always keep in mind that your mouth is an important part of your body that gives you early warning signs. Do not ignore suspicious lumps or sores. If you see anything suspicious, make an appointment for a checkup. Prompt treatment may be the key to a full recovery.
The American Oral Cancer Foundation estimates that 42,000 Americans are diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer each year. That means 8,000 deaths per year, 24 deaths per day, 1 death per hour from oropharyngeal cancer in the US.
The information provided here is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, but is provided for your general information only. If you have any problems or concerns, always contact your oral and maxillofacial surgeon.